Pharmacological action: Stimulant, carminative, diuretic, cardiac tonic.
Medicinal use: Effective in dyspepsia, flatulence, headache, epilepsy, nervous depression.
Ispaghol (Plantago ovata) (Spogel)
Pharmacological action: Mucilaginous, laxative.
Medicinal use: Effective in febrile conditions, chronic constipation, amoebic and bacillary dysentery and diarrhea. Also used in rheumatic and glandular swelling and urethritis. Helps lower cholesterol and regulates blood sugar.
Jadwar (Delphinium denudatum) (Delphinium)
Pharmacological action: Cardiac and nervine tonic, analgesic, antidote for poisons.
Medicinal use: Effective in fever and pain, poisonous insect bites, rheumatism, syphilis, cardiac and brain weakness. Tonic for vital organs.
Jalapa (Exogonium purga) (Jalap)
Pharmacological action: Anti-phlegmatic and purgative.
Medicinal use: Effective in purging the body of mal-humours. Cures constipation, facial paralysis, rheumatism and arthritis, flu and other catarrhal infections.
Kaafur (Cinnamomum camphora) (Camphor)
Pharmacological action: Coolant, sedative, anti-spasmodic, antiseptic, carminative.
Medicinal use: Effective in stimulating the CNS, heart, respiration. Strengthens uterus and regulates menstrual flow.
Kabab Chini (Piper cubeba) (Cubebs)
Pharmacological action: Antiseptic, anti-inflammatory for genito-urinary and upper respiratory mucous membranes.
Medicinal use: Effective in obstructions of the liver, spleen and urinary tract, cystitis, in gleet and gonorrhea. Also strengthens gums and teeth, and used in bronchitis, laryngitis and against vaginal discharges and leucorrhea.
Kaladana (Ipomoea hederacea) (Pharbitis seeds)
Pharmacological action: Cathartic, anthelmintic, blood purifier, purgative.
Medicinal use: Effective in purging malhumors, particularly related to feverish attacks, and all conditions of irritative skin, scabies, rheumatic pains, and other phlegmatic disorders of the chest and abdomen.
Kashneez (Coriandrum sativum) (Coriander)
Pharmacological action: Carminative, anti-flatulent, cardiac refrigerant.
Medicinal use: Effective in gastro-intestinal complaints such as dyspepsia, flatulence and vomiting. Also used in rheumatism, ulcers and bleeding piles.
Kasni (Cichorium intybus) (Endive, Chicory)
Pharmacological action: Deobstruent, diuretic, blood purifier.
Medicinal use: Effective in reducing body heat and inflammation of the liver and spleen. Promotes bile secretion and digestion.
Khajur (Phoenix sylvestris) (Dates)
Pharmacological action: Nutritive, cardiac and nervine tonic, aphrodisiac, digestive.
Medicinal use: Effective in cough, fever, lung congestion, nervous debility and gonorrhea. Used as a nutritive tonic, aphrodisiac, and expectorant.
Khas (Vetiveria zizanioides) (Cuscus Grass)
Pharmacological action: Exhilarant, cardiac and brain tonic.
Medicinal use: Effective in palpitation, cardiac debility, fever, inflammation and irritability of stomach and thirst.
Khatmi (Althaea officinalis) (Marsh Mallow)
Pharmacological action: Suppurative, repercussive, emollient, expectorant.
Medicinal use: Effective in pharynx and chest congestion, bronchitis, sciatica, rheumatism, pneumonia.
Khubazi (Malva sylvestris) (Common Mallow)
Pharmacological action: Mucilaginous, demulcent, repercussive.
Medicinal use: Effective in pulmonary complaints such as dry cough, asthma, bronchitis, hoarseness of voice, and fever. Useful against scurvy and internal scratches of the intestine and bladder.
Khulanjan (Alpinia galanga) (Galangal)
Pharmacological action: Anti-tuburculous, carminative, masticatory.
Medicinal use: Effective in phlegmatic condition, bronchitis, asthma, whooping cough. Highly effective as an anti-phlegmatic and expectorant.
Loong (Syzygium aromaticum) (Clove)
Pharmacological action: Carminative, antiseptic, stimulant.
Medicinal use: Effective in toothache. Used as tonic for gums, pectoral, cardiac and digestive adjunct to some medicines.
Mako (Solanum miniatum) (Black night shade)
Pharmacological action: Diuretic, repercussive, sedative, anodyne.
Medicinal use: Effective in inflammations of the liver and abdominal viscera, chronic cirrhosis, skin diseases, rheumatic and gout joints.
Mastagi (Pistacia lentiscus) (Mastic)
Pharmacological action: Diuretic, anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac, expectorant.
Medicinal use: Effective in infantile diarrhea, toothache, bleeding from gums, cough, wind pipe obstructions, skin spots and freckles.
Mocharas (Salmalia malabarica) (Silk Cotton Tree Gum)
Pharmacological action: Astringent, anticatarrhal, aphrodisiac.
Medicinal use: Effective in leucorrhea, menorhagia, painful watery discharge of uterine and vaginal origin. Corrects seminal debility and premature ejaculation.
Nag Kesar (Mesua ferrea) (Cobra’s Saffron)
Pharmacological action: Desiccative, vermicidal, anti-hemorrhoidal.
Medicinal use: Effective in cardiac and brain disorders like melancholia and insanity. Useful in bleeding piles as well as dysentery. Also helpful in quenching thirst, irritability of the stomach, excessive perspiration, cough and dyspepsia.
Nagar Mutha (Cyperus rotundus) (Sweet Cyperus)
Pharmacological action: Nervine tonic, anti-dyspeptic, attenuant.
Medicinal use: Effective in fevers, diarrhea, dysentery, anorexia, loss of appetite, ulcers. Acts as a cardiac and nervine tonic and also strengthens stomach, and relaxes muscles.