Pharmacological action: Blood purifier, antiseptic, astringent.
Medicinal use: Effective in fevers, thirst, bad odor of mouth, ulcers and inflammations, skin diseases, syphilitic sores and blood impurities. Also have carminative and expectorant properties.
Nelofar (Nelumbium nuciferum) (Water Lily)
Pharmacological action: Cardiac tonic, diuretic, cooling, sedative.
Medicinal use: Effective in diarrhea, fever, burning sensation in the body, bleeding piles, menorrhagia. Recommended as cardiac tonic.
Ood Balsa (Commiphora stocksiana) (Balsam)
Pharmacological action: Anti-inflammatory, anti-phlegmatic, anti-hemorrhoidal.
Medicinal use: Effective in all kinds of inflammations, rheumatism, indolent ulcers, gum complaints, tonsillitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, whooping cough, chronic dyspepsia, diarrhea, chronic endometritis, leucorrhea and piles.
Oud Saleeb (Paeonia emodi) (Paeoni Root)
Pharmacological action: Anti-epileptic, blood purifier, nervine tonic.
Medicinal use: Effective in uterine disorders like dysmenorrhea, hysteria, epilepsy, convulsions due to bilious obstructions. Also useful as blood purifier and in case of palpitation and asthma.
Peepal (Piper longum) (Long Pepper)
Pharmacological action: Stomach tonic, aphrodisiac, diuretic, expectorant.
Medicinal use: Effective in diarrhea, indigestion, cold, cough, asthma, bronchitis, hemorrhage and fever.
Persiao-shan (Adiantum capillus-veneris) (Maiden Hair Fern)
Pharmacological action: Concoctive, expectorant, anticatarrhal.
Medicinal use: Effective in pneumonia, influenza, bronchitis and asthma.
Pista (Pistacia vera) (Pistachio Nut)
Pharmacological action: Cardiac, cerebral and sexual tonic, expectorant.
Medicinal use: Effective in mental and physical weakness, nourishes body and relieves cough, kidney pain, vomiting.
Reywand Chini (Rheum emodi) (Rhubarb)
Pharmacological action: Stimulant, liver tonic, diuretic.
Medicinal use: Effective in diarrhea, jaundice, liver inflammation, spleen inflammation.
Salab Misri (Orchis mascula) (Salep Orchid)
Pharmacological action: Mucilaginous, demulcent, aphrodisiac.
Medicinal use: Effective in nervous debility, weakness, loss of libido, nocturnal emissions and spermatorrhea. Increases the quantity of seminal fluid and acts as tonic for muscles and blood vessels. Provides nutrition to the body.
Sana Maki (Cassia senna) (Senna)
Pharmacological action: Cathartic, blood purifier, anthelmintic.
Medicinal use: Effective in purging malhumors from the body, relieving fever, rheumatism, backache, sciatica, gout. Regarded as an effective blood purifier and therefore prescribed in chronic skin ailments. Also effective in loss of appetite, constipation and liver complaints.
Sandal Safed (Santalum album) (Sandal)
Pharmacological action: Tonic for vital organs, disinfectant for respiratory and urogenital organs.
Medicinal use: Effective in fever, thirst, body heat, tachycardia, palpitation, inflamed swellings, headaches, skin diseases, itching, pimples, chronic cough, gonorrhea.
Sapistan (Cordia dichotoma) (Sebestan plum)
Pharmacological action: Demulcent, lubricant and tonic, expectorant.
Medicinal use: Effective in dry cough, flu, fever, bronchitis. Emollient for pharynx and larynx and expectorant of phlegm and catarrh. Alleviates thirst and body heat, and reduces irritation in urinary passage. Clears the blood of phlegmatic particles.
Shaqaqal Misri (Asparagus adscendens) (Garden Asparagus)
Pharmacological action: Aphrodisiac, antidiarrheal, antispasmodic, diuretic.
Medicinal use: Effective in genito-urinary complaints such as seminal weakness, impotence, spermatorrhea, leucorrhea, gonorrhea. Also used for dyspepsia, flatulence and diarrhea.
Shatara (Fumaria indica) (Fumitory)
Pharmacological action: Blood purifier, tonic and sedative, diuretic.
Medicinal use: Effective in purging malhumours from the body and in chronic ailments like syphilis, scrofula and leprosy. Purifies blood and regarded as a tonic for stomach, and reduces fever.
Sooranjan Shireen (Colchicum autumnale) (Colchicum)
Pharmacological action: Anti-spasmodic, anti-phlegmatic, anti-rheumatic.
Medicinal use: Effective in rheumatism, pain in sciatica, arthritis, gout. Gets rid of cold mal-humours through purgation.
Soya (Anethum graveolens) (Dill)
Pharmacological action: Carminative, resolvent, diuretic, emmenagogue.
Medicinal use: Effective in flatulence, colic and abdominal pains, rheumatic and other swellings of the joints.
Sunbul Teeb (Valeriana officianalis) (True Valerian)
Pharmacological action: Nervine and hepatic tonic.
Medicinal use: Effective in disorders of spinal marrow, nervous debility, weak reflexes, nervous disorders during menopause. Also used in insomnia, neurosis, hysteria and epilepsy.
Tabashir (Bambusa arundinacea) (Bamboo)
Pharmacological action: Refrigerant, astringent, anthelmintic.
Medicinal use: Effective in promoting appetite and digestion, relieves thirst, stops spermatorrhea, regulates menses.
Todri Surkh (Cheiranthus cheiri) (Wall flower)
Pharmacological action: Cardiac tonic, aphrodisiac, expectorant, stomachic.
Medicinal use: Effective in bronchitis, asthma, cough, impotence, fevers, uterine disorders, hepatic debility, increase semen production.
Unnab (Zizyphus jujube) (Jujube)
Pharmacological action: Blood purifier, emollient.
Medicinal use: Effective in excessive body heat, respiratory catarrh, flu, cough. Purifies blood by removing impurities and waste matter, helpful in syphilis, scabies and other skin ailments.